Dietary salt and blood pressure

Research evidence on the role of dietary sodium in the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension is briefly reviewed. This matter is assuming new importance at present, given new data on the efficacy of normalization of blood pressure for adults with so-called "mild" hypertension (average diastolic 90-104 mm Hg), hence the need for safe nutritional-hygienic alternatives to years-long drug treatment for millions of people with such hypertension. Two trials by the authors deal with some unresolved questions in this area. The first, a preliminary study, involved 21 lacto-ovo-vegetarian high school students living in a boarding school. With decrease in daily Na intake from 216 to 72 meq for the experimental compared with the control group, red blood cell Na concentration was significantly lower in the former; systolic pressure was slightly but not significantly lower. The second trial, the Primary Prevention of Hypertension, involves over 200 hypertension-prone persons aged 30-44, and explores the ability in the experimental group to reduce blood pressure and prevent development of hypertension by safe nutritional-hygienic means (weight reduction, dietary Na decrease, avoidance of excess alcohol, rhythmic exercise). Initial results at 6 months are presented. Trials on the prevention and control of hypertension by nonpharmacologic means, including reduced Na intake, and involving analyses of the inter-relationships among dietary Na, other dietary factors, Na metabolism, and blood pressure in samples from different population strata, are an important present-day research need.     

One-year prevalence and incidence of depression among first-year university students in Japan: a preliminary study

A structured interview was used to examine the 1-year incidence and prevalence of depression among 116 first-year university students. While 24 of the subjects (20.7%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE), 62 (53.4%) met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd ed. Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for MDE, and 27 (23.3%) also met the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) for the 12 months prior to the interview. Moreover, 23 of the subjects (19.8%) had onset of the DSM-IV criteria for MDE, 54 (46.6%) had onset of the DSM-III-R criteria for MDE, 24 (20.7%) had onset of the RDC for MDD, during the same time period. These high rates of depression may be explained by the students' difficulties in and by their readjustment after entering university.     

愈肝片对实验性大鼠急慢性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨愈肝片对大鼠D-氨基半乳糖急性肝损伤和四氯化碳慢性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：分组造模给药后测定大鼠血清中AST、ALT、TP、ALB和出凝血时间的变化，取肝组织做病理学检测。结果：愈肝片能降低D-氨基半乳糖急性肝损伤大鼠血清AST、升高白蛋白ALB，改善出凝血时间，可明显减轻肝组织变性、坏死程度；并能降低四氯化碳慢性肝损伤大鼠血清AST、ALT，升高ALB、TP。结论：愈肝片对D氨基半乳糖和四氯化碳所致的急慢性肝损伤有保护作用。     

针刺对急性高血压脑出血大鼠血浆ET和CGRP调整作用

目的：探索针刺对急性高血压大鼠治疗作用机制。方法：复制急性高血压脑出血大鼠模型。观察针刺对血浆ET和CGRP的影响。结果：针刺能降低血浆ET和升高CGRP。结论：针刺对急性高血压脑出血大鼠治疗作用与其降低血浆ET和CGRP密切相关。     

Challenges of ethical research in resource-poor settings.

The disparity in resources between economically developed and developing countries presents ethical concerns when commercial sponsors of studies and investigators propose to conduct them with subjects in developing countries. Vulnerable people may be recruited into studies of little health benefit to themselves or their communities and, under undue inducements, may accept disproportionate risks. Reproductive health studies may present women with undue risks. Guidelines have been developed to protect exploitable populations in resource-poor settings, although guarding their right to make informed and voluntary choices poses special challenges. Guidelines pay special attention to pregnant women as research subjects, and may approve and even require their enrollment in studies of products not known to be harmful. Placebo-controlled studies are addressed in contexts where no recognized treatments are routinely accessible. The structure and functions of research ethics review committees present difficult challenges, but they may be mitigated by enlightened international collaboration.     

针灸治疗血管性痴呆研究思路

在回顾中西医对血管性痴呆病因，病机的认识及针灸治则的基础上，指出辨证循经取穴施术是针灸治疗本病所必须遵循的原则。立足于学科前沿，学贯中西医，寻找突破口是今后研究的总体方向。     

一起L型伤寒流行的实验室研究

〔目的〕通过实验查明造成此次疫情流行的病原菌 ,分析影响检验结果的各种原因。〔方法〕采用血、骨髓、粪便病原菌培养方法、生化反应、血清凝集实验、肥达氏反应、抗原酶联免疫实验方法和药物敏感性试验。〔结果〕由于患者血、骨髓、粪便中培养出伤寒杆菌 ,且经电子显微镜检测和L型细菌培养证实该流行菌株发生了L型变异 ,证明此疫情为L型伤寒流行 ,但疫区水源中未检出病原菌 ,肥达氏反应和酶联免疫抗原检测阳性率较低。〔结论〕本次流行菌株对青霉素、头孢哌酮等抗菌素耐药。须高度重视L型伤寒菌株的实验室检测。     

佛山市镇级医院新生儿窒息复苏的现状及改进措施

目的:探讨佛山市镇级医院新生儿窒息复苏的现状及改进措施。方法:由行政领导、产科、新生儿科专家组成调研小组深入被调查的14间医院,查看原始分娩记录,与新生儿窒息复苏相关人员座谈、提问、答卷,实地考察产房、手术室、产科、儿科等部门。结果:佛山市镇级医院新生儿窒息的发生率为2.75%,在国内处于较低水平。分娩数多的医院新生儿窒息的发生率明显低于分娩数少的医院。在所调查的8个项目中有6个项目存在严重问题,分别是复苏的认知程度、复苏人员的组织、复苏人员的培训计划、复苏药物的规范使用、气管插管技术、复苏的实际效果。结论:采取行政、技术双向指导是提高基层医院、特别是分娩数少的医院新生儿窒息复苏水平实际有效的方法。     

病案管理如何应对医、教、研发展

本文着重讨论了病案管理如何促进医疗、教学、科研的发展。病案管理人员在为医、教、研服务的过程中,要不断更新自己的知识水平,提高自身素质。运用高新技术,采用科学的病案管理模式。变被动为主动,及时、有效、准确地为医、教、研提供最有价值的资料、数据。同时实现自身价值和病案价值。     

三七总苷抗肺纤维化的实验研究

目的:观察三七总苷(PNS)对实验大鼠肺纤维化形成的影响.方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组、肺纤维化模型组、PNS组.对照组气管内注入生理盐水;模型组气管内注入博莱霉素形成肺纤维化动物模型;PNS组于气管内注药当天开始每天灌胃给药,分别于1,3,7,14,28d处死,取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)、肺组织和血浆,测定细胞成分,以Szapiel方法评价肺泡炎及肺纤维化程度,以免疫组化法测定肺组织Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原含量及血浆巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1α(MIP-1α)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)含量.结果:PNS组BALF中各种炎性细胞(包括嗜酸性粒细胞)含量明显减少,肺纤维化程度明显减轻,肺组织Ⅰ,Ⅲ型胶原含量显著低于模型组(P＜0.05);MIP-1α和MCP-1含量于造模3d时升高,以后逐渐下降,接近正常水平.结论:PNS能有效抑制博莱霉素引起的肺纤维化形成,减少嗜酸性粒细胞的渗出.